What free early-detection check-ups are there for women, and at what age?

Up to age 25: Sexually active women can have a free chlamydia test once a year.

Ages 20-34: Once a year at the gynaecologist (Frauenarzt): cervical cancer screening (Pap smear) and a genital examination.

From age 30: A yearly breast and armpit examination by a doctor; the doctor also shows you how to examine yourself.

From age 35: A Pap test combined with an HPV test (co-test) every three years. Also a general health check-up every three years, skin cancer screening every two years, and a one-off test for hepatitis B and C.

Ages 50-75: Mammography screening every two years. Between 50 and 69 you receive an invitation letter automatically; between 70 and 75 you need to book the appointment yourself. From age 50, bowel cancer screening (stool test or colonoscopy) is also free.

Note: These are screenings for when you have no symptoms. If you have symptoms, you can see a doctor at any time. If a doctor suggests extra tests you have to pay for yourself (IGeL), you do not have to accept them; ask whether they are necessary. If you are privately insured, ask your insurer about coverage.